Cloth Diapers 101

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Wool School — Cloth Diapering Basics

Cloth Diaper 101: Understanding Diapers, Absorbency, and Wool Covers


Maybe a friend mentioned wool covers and you're not sure whether to take them seriously.
Maybe you started researching cloth diapers, found a thread full of acronyms, and quietly
closed the tab. Maybe you tried cloth before and it felt like too much laundry, too many
pieces, or too many rules.


You don't need to know any of this before you start. Once you strip away the terminology,
cloth diapering is actually pretty simple.

A diaper has two jobs

Every diaper system needs to do two things:

Absorb moisture.

Keep that moisture contained.


Sometimes those two jobs happen inside one product. Sometimes they're separated into an
absorbent diaper and an outer cover. Understanding that one difference makes everything
else in cloth diapering much easier to follow.

The main types of cloth diapers


There are a lot of names, but most cloth diapers fall into a few basic groups.

Flats


A flat is a large piece of absorbent fabric that you fold around your baby.
Simple, inexpensive, easy to wash, and quick to dry — different folds let you
place more absorbency exactly where your baby needs it.

Prefolds


Similar to flats, but the fabric is already sewn into sections with extra layers
through the centre. They can be folded around the body or folded into a pad and
placed inside a cover.

Contours


Shaped absorbent diapers without all the snaps and structure of a fitted diaper.
They give you more body coverage than a simple pad of absorbency while keeping
the system fairly simple.

Fitted diapers


Fitted diapers are shaped like a diaper and usually fasten around the waist.
The key difference is that the absorbent material wraps around the entire body
— front, back, sides, and centre — instead of sitting only through
the centre. We call this 360-degree absorbency. A fitted diaper still needs a
waterproof or water-resistant cover over top. This is where wool really shines.

Pocket diapers


Usually a PUL outer shell with a fabric lining and an opening where absorbent
inserts are stuffed inside. Easy to put on once assembled and a common
introduction to modern cloth diapering. The inserts come out for washing, which
helps them get cleaner than if everything were permanently sewn together.

All-in-two diapers


A reusable outer shell with removable absorbency inside. When only the absorbent
portion is wet, you can often replace the insert and reuse the shell for another
change before washing the cover.

All-in-one diapers


The absorbency and waterproof outer layer are built into one piece. Convenient
because there's nothing to assemble, but every layer needs to be washed and
dried together each time.

What is PUL?


You'll see this acronym everywhere in cloth diapering. PUL stands for
polyurethane laminate — fabric that has been bonded with a thin
waterproof layer. Most modern cloth diaper covers and many pocket and all-in-one diapers
use PUL to contain moisture.


It works well. Wool simply approaches containment differently.

Why pair 360-degree absorbency with a wool cover?


This is what we consider one of the premium cloth diapering setups — and it's
simpler than it sounds.


You start with a fitted or similarly full-coverage absorbent diaper underneath. That gives
you absorbency around the body rather than relying only on a strip of material through the
centre. Then a lanolin-treated wool cover goes over top.

The absorbent diaper handles the moisture.

The wool provides the outer layer.

They each have one job — and they can be cared for separately.


That separation has real practical advantages. The absorbency goes straight into your
regular diaper wash without a PUL shell attached to it. Water and detergent move easily
through the fabric, and there's nothing waterproof slowing the drying process. The wool
cover, meanwhile, doesn't need to be washed every time the absorbent diaper does.


That means you invest in really good absorbency underneath and rotate a small number of
wool covers on top.

Does a wool system cost more?


When people first see the price of a wool cover, they sometimes assume the entire
system will be expensive. But you don't need a wool cover for every diaper change.


The absorbent diaper underneath is changed and washed each time. The wool cover is
aired between uses and returned to your rotation. Many families are comfortable with
four to six wool covers. Some use fewer.


Your larger stash investment is the absorbency underneath — which is exactly
where you want it. Instead of buying a waterproof outer for every single change, you
put more of your budget into washable absorbency and reuse your wool outer layer.
Over time, that math usually works out well.

Why full-coverage absorbency matters


Not all absorbency is arranged the same way. An insert or pad concentrates absorbency
through the centre of the diaper. A fitted diaper surrounds more of the body with
absorbent material.


That can be especially important for babies who are heavy wetters, sleep in one
position for long stretches, move a lot, or need dependable overnight coverage.


The absorbency catches and holds the moisture. The wool is the backup and outer layer.
That partnership is what makes the system work so well.


When your absorbency is doing its job, you're not asking the wool cover to compensate
for anything. It's just there as the outer layer — doing exactly what it's
designed to do.

Where Bumby comes in


Bumby makes the wool side of the system. Our covers are designed to go over the
absorbency that works for your family — whether that's a flat, prefold, contour,
fitted diaper, or another cloth system that could use an additional outer layer.


Some families also use wool over a disposable diaper when they want extra coverage,
especially overnight. You don't have to replace everything you already own just because
you want to try wool.

How wool works as a diaper cover


Wool behaves very differently from a laminated waterproof fabric. When treated with
lanolin — the wax naturally associated with sheep's wool — wool becomes
highly water-resistant while keeping all the natural properties that make it such an
interesting fibre.


A properly lanolized wool cover can be aired between uses rather than automatically
going into the laundry after every wet diaper. That's the part that surprises most
people.

Your absorbency gets washed.

Your wool gets reused.

Wool care is simpler than it sounds


Your Bumby cover arrives pre-lanolized and ready to use straight out of the package.


Between normal uses, let it air dry completely before putting it back into rotation.
When it needs a proper wash, machine wash cold on a gentle cycle with a wool-safe
detergent — we use and recommend Unicorn Clean (their heavier-duty wash, designed for cloth diapers). After washing, re-lanolize when
needed and lay the cover flat to dry.


We have separate guides for washing and lanolizing, because once you understand how
the diaper system works, those steps are much easier to learn in context.

How many diapers do you actually need?


This depends on how often you want to do laundry and the age of your baby. For the
absorbent portion, many families start with a dozen or more and adjust from there.
Newborns go through considerably more changes in a day, so a larger stash makes
laundry more manageable.


For wool covers, you need far fewer — because they're rotated rather than
washed after every wet diaper. A starting rotation of four to six covers gives most
families plenty of flexibility.

You can mix diaper systems


There's no rule that says your entire diaper stash has to match. Lots of families
use fitted diapers with wool overnight and pocket diapers during the day. Flats at
home and disposables while travelling. Wool over a system they already own when they
need more coverage.


You can start with one wool cover and see how it fits into your routine. Cloth
diapering doesn't have to become an identity or an all-or-nothing decision. It's just
a collection of tools. The best system is the one that works for your baby, your
laundry routine, your budget, and your life.

Start with the part you want to solve

If leaks are your biggest problem…
Look at your absorbency first.
If your absorbency is working but you want a different outer layer…
Explore wool.
If overnight diapering is the struggle…
Consider full-coverage absorbency paired with a wool cover.
If you have absolutely no idea where to begin…
That's fine too. Start with the basics: absorbency underneath, cover on top.
Everything else is just choosing which version of those two pieces works best for you.


Ready to explore the wool side of things? Bumby covers are designed to work with
whatever absorbency you already love — and every cover ships pre-lanolized
and ready to go.

Shop Diaper Covers


More questions? Head over to our FAQ or
drop us a line at hello@bumbywool.com. We're
always happy to talk through what's going on with your diaper situation.

Bumby Wool Care 101


Easy Dry Method Lanolizing. Blend, Slap & Yap

  1. Scoop 1 tsp of lano into palm of hands
  2. Blend and Slap on hands until its slippery
  3. Slap inside of wool
  4. Scrunch up like drying your hands on the wool
  5. Turn rightside out and scrunch a bit more to blend it into the fibers more
  6. Yap on socials how easy that was

Thanks to Maria H for coming up with the Slap & Yap.  Because she is great at yapping, and found the slapping just as easy. 

Sheep make it. We use it. And it's one of the more underappreciated things in the natural world.

What is lanolin?

Lanolin is a waxy substance secreted by the sheep's sebaceous glands, the oil that keeps their wool and skin protected through wind, rain, and cold. When we process wool into fabric, some of that lanolin stays in the fiber. And when it depletes over time, which it will, we add it back ourselves.

That's what lanolizing is. Restoring what was already there.

Why do we use Lanolin for wool diapers?

For diaper covers, it matters more than people realize. When urine meets lanolin, a chemical reaction happens. The fatty acids in lanolin interact with the ammonia in urine and convert it into a mild soap and water, essentially. The cover is cleaning itself. That's why wool can go so long between washes. That's why it doesn't smell.

For sweaters, baby clothes, wool leggings, lanolin keeps the fiber soft, resilient, and weather-ready.

You can lanolize with an emulsion block, a pre-made blend, or just warm lanolin rubbed between your fingers and massaged in. I've tried every method. My favourite is still the

How to apply lanolin by hand

Start with clean, dry or slightly damp wool.

Take a very small amount of lanolin. Warm it between your fingertips or palms until it softens. Then press it into the wool using gentle, firm pats.

You do not need to coat the whole garment. Focus on the areas that need it most.

For diaper covers, pay special attention to the inside wet zone. You can add a little more as needed, but start small. It is much easier to add more lanolin than to deal with too much.

Watch the dry method in action

I made a video showing exactly how I use this method: melting the lanolin between my fingers and palms, then pressing it into the wool.

Lanolin care does not have to be complicated.

If you have ever looked up wool care and immediately felt like you needed a science degree, this method is for you. The dry method is simple, quick, and wonderfully low fuss. You warm a small amount of lanolin between your fingertips or palms, then gently press it into the wool where it is needed.

That is it. No big setup. No soaking. No dramatic kitchen experiment.

What is the dry lanolin method?

The dry method uses straight lanolin applied by hand.

Instead of mixing lanolin into water first, you melt a tiny amount with the warmth of your fingers or palms. Once it softens, you press and smooth it onto the wool, focusing on the areas that need extra moisture resistance.

For wool diaper covers, this is often the wet zone. For other wool pieces, it may be a worn area that needs a little refresh.

Why use lanolin on wool?

Lanolin helps wool do what wool naturally does best.

It adds a protective layer that helps wool resist moisture while still staying breathable. This is one of the reasons wool diaper covers are so loved. They can help manage dampness without feeling plasticky or sealed off.

Lanolin also helps keep wool feeling cared for, especially after washing or regular use.

Seeing it done can make the whole process feel less intimidating. It really is one of those things that sounds stranger than it looks.

What if the wool feels sticky?

You probably used a little too much lanolin.

That is not the end of the world. You can gently work it in more with warm hands, let the wool rest, or wash and reset it if needed.

Next time, use less than you think. A little lanolin goes a long way.

When should you use the dry method?

The dry method is especially helpful when:

Your wool cover needs a quick refresh.
One area needs more protection than the rest.
You do not want to soak the whole piece.
You are short on time.
You want a simple, hands-on care method.

It is not the only way to lanolize wool, but it is a very practical one.


Bumby Wool Washing can be simple

Wool care does not need to be complicated. Cold water, the right wash, and a flat place to dry will get you a long way.

Yes, You Can Machine Wash Your Bumby Wool

Wool care has a reputation for being complicated.

Your Bumby does not need that kind of drama.

Our wool is prepared, washed, and preshrunk before we ever turn it into your finished piece, and we design it for real life. When your wool diaper cover is ready for a proper wash, the washing machine is absolutely an option.

Cold water, always

Machine wash your Bumby in cold water on a gentle cycle.

We dye our wool in house, and our dyes prefer cold water. It is also a gentler environment for the wool itself, helping protect the colour, fibres, and fit over time.

Your detergent matters

This is one place where wool really is different from your regular laundry.

Wool is a protein fibre. Many mainstream detergents contain enzymes designed to break down protein based stains. Great idea for certain stains. Not such a great idea when the thing being washed is also made from protein.

Choose a wool safe wash without those fibre damaging enzymes.

We love Unicorn Clean and use it right here in the Bumby studio. Our fabric is washed and prepared with Unicorn products before it becomes your Bumby, so it is the same care system we trust behind the scenes.

Whatever wool wash you choose, dilute it first rather than pouring concentrated detergent directly onto the fabric.

What about shrinking?

This is usually the part that makes new wool users nervous.

Bumby fabric is preshrunk before your piece is made. We have already put the fabric through washing and preparation in our studio, so it takes a fair bit to shrink it substantially from normal care.

You still want cold water and a gentle cycle, but you do not need to treat your Bumby like it will disintegrate if you look at the washing machine wrong.

Lay flat to dry

Once the cycle finishes, remove your wool promptly and gently reshape it.

Then lay it flat to dry.

Wet wool has weight to it. Hanging it can pull on the fibres and stretch the fabric while it dries. Wool also responds beautifully to blocking, meaning wet wool can be encouraged into a particular shape as it dries.

Very useful when intentional.

Less useful when your hanger accidentally does the designing.

Lay your Bumby flat, let it dry naturally, and you are done.

Wool care does not need to be complicated. Cold water, the right wash, and a flat place to dry will get you a long way.

 

BTW all of Bumby Wool diaper covers come clean and lanolized so you can use them right out of the package and then you likely won't have to wash for ages anyways. 

Learn how to machine wash you wool here

"What do I use?" The Bumby Blend. No fuss, no heating, no drama.

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